Impact of Diet and Nutrition on Memory T Cell Development, Maintenance and Function in the Context of Healthy Immune System
Joyeta Ghosh, Khusboo Singh, Sudrita Roy Choudhury, Samarpita Koner, Neelanjana Basu
Abstract
A well-functioning immune system is censorious for permanence in today's earth. The immune system must be persistently alert, keep track of intimation of danger or invasion. Optimum nutrition is always one crucial factor for every cell to function optimally, including cells in the immune system as well. Memory T cells are one rudimentary component of immunological memory, furnishing rapid and powerful host protection against secondary challenges. The diet and nutritional status of the host are two major regulators of T cell functioning and immune system. Present article will review literature considering the crucial impact of diet and nutrition on memory T cell development, maintenance and function in the context of healthy immune function. Caloric restriction without having undernutrition influence memory T cell functioning, while undernutrition or protein energy malnutrition or diet induced obesity predisposes T cell dysfunctionality. On one hand, undernutrition causes immunodeficiency (increased susceptibility to infection), whereas overnutrition/obesity results in inflammation due to increase in pro-inflammatory regulators. Gut dysbiosis also has a significant role in T cell biology and host fitness. In order to maintain a healthy gut microbiome proper dietary intervention are very crucial. Although more detailed research is needed in the current field to unfold the exact role of balanced diet in T cell development, maintenance and function in the context of healthy immune function.