Large-Area Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cell Modules Fabricated by a Temperature-Independent Printing Method
Soyeong Jeong, Byoungwook Park, Soonil Hong, Seok Kim, Jehan Kim, Sooncheol Kwon, Jong‐Hoon Lee, Min Soo Lee, Jong Chun Park, Hongkyu Kang, Kwanghee Lee
Abstract
Despite recent breakthroughs in the fabrication of spin-coated small-area devices (≤0.1 cm2) with power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of more than 17%, printed large-area organic solar cells (OSCs) are significantly less efficient because of the intrinsic differences between the coating dynamics of the two types of OSCs. The PCEs of printed large-area (∼100 cm2) OSCs have typically been decreased compared with those of small-area spin-coated devices. In this work, an efficient low-temperature printing method to fabricate high-efficiency large-area nonfullerene-based OSC modules is successfully demonstrated. A systematic study of the relationship between the concentration of the photoactive solution and the resulting film properties reveals that the large-area modules (85 cm2) produced in this work deliver excellent performance, yielding PCEs of up to 8.18% with a geometric fill factor of 85%. These novel OSC modules are ∼87% as efficient as small-area printed single cells (cell PCE ∼9.43% with 1 cm2).