Autoimmunity In Plants; A Powerful Weapon in Kingdom Plantae to Combat Stresses
Unknown authors
Abstract
Plants possess two immunity systems, such as PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI).PTI is the basic defense possessed by plants that is evaded by pathogens because of specific effectors which are not recognized by plants' basal defense system.However, plants have nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat proteins (NLR) in their genome that recognize the evaded pathogenic attack, which in turn activates the NLR proteins, and the hypersensitive response (HR) is activated to ingress the pathogenicity.Based on a similar mechanism, lesion mimic mutants (LMMs) have been identified and intentionally developed to induce HR in the absence of pathogens.These LMMs are not only present in a single crop but are present throughout the kingdom planate.Researchers have produced many LMMs in plants by treating the germplasm with EMS or other sources such as genome editing tools, gamma rays, and X-rays.Owing to the simple Mendelian inheritance of these LMMs, conventional and novel plant breeding techniques can be exploited to introduce the causative genes in plants to keep them safe against biotic and abiotic stresses.