3E and Climatic Analysis of Hybrid Solar System Integrated With a Ground Source Heat Pump for Multi‐Micro‐Generation Energy Supply
Nasrin Rashvand, Ahmad Hajinezhad, Alireza Kashani Lotfabadi, Seyed Farhan Moosavian
Abstract
ABSTRACT Renewable energy sources are extensively studied due to their clean and sustainable nature. Human energy needs can be classified into four categories: heating, cooling, electricity, and transportation. Heating and electricity have garnered more research attention because of their larger share and the variety of technologies used. To address electricity supply issues, societies have considered solar energy, but its reliance on various factors, especially climate, means it doesn't always meet needs in some regions. This study proposes integrating solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV/T), and ground source heat pump (GSHP) systems, controlled dynamically to adjust the share of renewable energy supplied. The system is tested in a residential apartment across four different climatic cities in Iran to assess individual and collective climate impacts. Results indicate that solar ST contributes 100% in hot and humid climates, 59.2% in hot and dry, 30.1% in temperate and humid, and 32% in cold climates. Meanwhile, PV contributes 2057, 2986, 3441, and 4188 kWh/year for electricity and heating demand, respectively. In Chabahar, with its hot and humid climate, solar alone meets energy needs. However, in Yazd, with its hot and dry climate, about 85% of energy comes from the solar system and geothermal heat pump, resulting in economic efficiency of $4965.1 and CO2 reduction by 10.4 million tons annually. This study recommends further research on different financial assumptions, life cycle environmental impact assessments, various technology integrations, and larger consumer bases to fully understand climate impacts.