Mechanisms of gram‑positive vancomycin resistance (Review)
Samy Selim
Abstract
Vancomycin‑resistant bacteria (VRB) are important consideration in medicine and public health as they can cause life‑threatening infections that appear to be resistant to therapy and persist in the body after medication. A wide spectrum of antimicrobial resistance characteristics, as well as various environmental and animal settings underlie the evolution of the most prevalent the most prevalent van genes in the VRB genome, indicating significant gene flow. As illnesses caused by VRB have become increasingly complex, several previously effective therapeutic techniques have become ineffective, complicating clinical care further. The focus of this review is the mechanism of vancomycin resistance in <em>Enterococci</em>, <em>Staphylococci</em> and <em>Lactobacilli</em>.