Nano-Delivery Systems for Carotenoids: Enhancing Bioavailability and Therapeutic Potential in Neurodegenerative Diseases
Hazem Golshany, Yang Ni, Qun Yu, Liuping Fan
Abstract
Nano-delivery systems have revolutionized the therapeutic application of carotenoids, particularly in treating neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease. This comprehensive review critically analyzes the latest advancements in carotenoid nano-delivery platforms, encompassing polymer-based, lipid-based, inorganic, and hybrid systems. These platforms demonstrate remarkable capabilities in enhancing carotenoid bioavailability, stability, and targeted delivery. The integration of advanced extraction methodologies with innovative encapsulation techniques has significantly improved delivery efficiency. Recent breakthroughs in formulation strategies have enhanced blood-brain barrier penetration and tissue-specific targeting. The review explores the molecular mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effects of nano-delivered carotenoids, focusing on their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Current technological limitations are addressed, including optimization challenges in encapsulation efficiency, long-term stability, and potential nanotoxicity concerns. Emerging trends in personalized medicine approaches, combination therapies, and micellar drug delivery systems are discussed, along with future perspectives on advanced targeting strategies and novel carotenoid sources. This analysis provides crucial insights into the transformative potential of nano-delivered carotenoids in neurodegenerative disease treatment, highlighting both the remarkable progress achieved and the critical areas requiring further investigation, including the need for comprehensive clinical trials and the development of sustainable, large-scale production processes.