Defect‐Concentration‐Mediated T‐Nb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> Anodes for Durable and Fast‐Charging Li‐Ion Batteries
Yongjian Zheng, Zhenguo Yao, Zulipiya Shadike, Meng Lei, Jianjun Liu, Chilin Li
Abstract
Abstract Metastable orthorhombic niobium pentoxide (T‐Nb 2 O 5 ) is a promising anode to fulfill the requirements for high‐rate Li‐ion batteries (LIBs). Stoichiometric T‐Nb 2 O 5 is plagued by low electric conductivity and particle pulverization after repeated charge/discharge processes. In this work, oxygen vacancies are implanted into T‐Nb 2 O 5 particles via acid immersion of Nb 2 O 5 · n H 2 O with the formation of Lewis acid sites. The multiple characterizations and simulations reveal the lengthening of NbO bonds, and the transformation from NbO 7 pentagonal bipyramids and NbO 6 tetragonal bipyramids in T‐Nb 2 O 5− x . The enrichment of oxygen vacancies endows T‐Nb 2 O 5− x with higher electric conductivity, better electrochemical kinetics, larger pseudocapacitive contribution. O‐doped graphitic C 3 N 4 is creatively proposed as a trace oxygen pump to repair excessive oxygen vacancies, and it also serves as a sacrifice template for Nb 2 O 5− x growth to construct a porous and monolithic electrode network. Defect‐modulated Nb 2 O 5− x displays extraordinary cycling stability (164 mAh g −1 at 5 C after 1100 cycles), high capacity retention (104 mAh g −1 ) at an ultrahigh rate (25 C), and large areal capacity (0.74 mAh cm −2 ) under high mass loading (4 mg cm −2 ). The practical prospect is proved by Nb 2 O 5− x /LiNi 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O 2 full cells with high average platform (2.12 V) and high specific capacity (229 mAh g −1 ). The oxygen‐defect modulation strategy on oxide anodes provides an alternative solution to fast‐charging and durable LIBs.