The oral-gut microbiota axis in cardiovascular diseases: mechanisms, therapeutic targets, and translational challenges
Shaobo Su, Xing Ni, Yongluan Lin
Abstract
The oral-gut microbiota axis, a newly recognized regulatory system, has emerged as a pivotal factor in the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This review comprehensively synthesizes the latest evidence on how the dysbiosis of oral and gut microbiota, along with their metabolic and immunological cross-talk, contributes to CVD pathogenesis, including atherosclerosis, hypertension, and heart failure. We highlight the novel "microbiota-metabolism-immunity"tri-dimensional regulatory network and explore innovative therapeutic strategies, such as precision microbiome modulation and non-invasive biomarker development. By bridging the gap between basic research and clinical translation, this review provides new insights into preventing and treating CVDs through targeting the oral-gut axis.