Verification of the optimal kinetics behaviour during the methyl blue dye adsorption onto quaternized starch derivative
Chukwunonso O. Aniagor, A. Hashem, Nahla M. Badawy, Amal Aly
Abstract
This paper reports the adsorption of methyl blue dye onto a quaternized starch derivative (S-Quat) from an aqueous solution. The starch derivatization was achieved via the reaction between (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl) tri-methyl ammonium chloride (Quat-188) and maize starch in the presence of aqueous sodium hydroxide. Various instrumental characterization techniques were deployed to confirm the presence of important functional groups, crystalline structure and surface texture/morphology, which played key roles during the dye uptake. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area and pore size of the S-Quat were recorded as 41.328 m2. g−1 and 1.763 nm, respectively. The effect of solution pH, contact time and adsorbent concentration on the adsorption capacity of the S-Quat were examined via batch mode. Maximum adsorption of ∼260 mg/g was achieved at pH 2.0 and 75 min contact time. Furthermore, the kinetic data modelling showed that the Fractional power, Brouser–Weron–Sotolongo (BWS), and Fractal-like PFO (FPFO) models, respectively, were the top three models of best fit. Thus, the quaternized starch derivative (S-Quat) showed good dye adsorption potentials.