Semitauonic <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>b</mml:mi></mml:math>-hadron decays: A lepton flavor universality laboratory
F. U. Bernlochner, M. Franco Sevilla, Dean J. Robinson, G. Wormser
Abstract
While searches for interactions at high-energy experiments have yielded more stringent bounds on new physics, the discovery potential of indirect searches has drawn renewed attention. The standard model predicts that physical processes involving charged leptons should feature lepton flavor universality relations among physical observables. Observation of lepton flavor universality violation would thus establish the presence of new physics beyond the standard model. This article provides a review of lepton flavor universality violation in semileptonic $b$-hadron decays. It investigates the current measurements and their world averages, and examines the future, outlining the expected evolution of the experimental uncertainties and the prospects for future discoveries.