Electron affinity of atomic scandium and yttrium and excited states of their negative ions
Rui Zhang, Yuzhu Lu, Rulin Tang, Chuangang Ning
Abstract
The latest experimental electron affinity (EA) values of atomic scandium and yttrium were 0.189(20) and 0.308(12) eV as reported by Feigerle et al. in 1981. The measurement accuracy of these was far lower than that of other transition elements, and no conclusive result had been made on the excited states of their negative ions. In the current work, we report more accurate EA values of Sc and Y and the electronic structure of their negative ions using the slow-electron velocity-map imaging method. The EA values of Sc and Y are determined to be 0.179 378(22) and 0.311 29(22) eV, respectively. The ground state of Sc − is identified as 3 d4 s 2 4 p 1 D 2 , and the ground state is 4 d5 s 2 5 p 1 D 2 for Y − . Furthermore, several excited states of Sc − and Y − are observed: Sc − ( 3 D 1 ) and Y − ( 3 D 1 , 3 D 2 , 3 D 3 , 3 F 2 , and 3 F 3 ), and their energy levels are determined to be 1131.8(28), 1210.0(13), 1362.3(30), 1467.7(26), 1747(16), and 1987(33) cm −1 , respectively.