LeHaMoC: A versatile time-dependent lepto-hadronic modeling code for high-energy astrophysical sources
S. I. Stathopoulos, Μαρία Πετροπούλου, G. Vasilopoulos, A. Mastichiadis
Abstract
Context . Recent associations of high-energy neutrinos with active galactic nuclei (AGN) have revived the interest in leptohadronic models of radiation from astrophysical sources. The rapid increase in the amount of acquired multi-messenger data will require fast numerical models that may be applied to large source samples. Aims . We develop a time-dependent leptohadronic code, LeHaMoC , that offers several notable benefits compared to other existing codes, such as versatility and speed. Methods . LeHaMoC solves the Fokker-Planck equations of photons and relativistic particles (i.e. electrons, positrons, protons, and neutrinos) produced in a homogeneous magnetized source that may also be expanding. The code utilizes a fully implicit difference scheme that allows fast computation of steady-state and dynamically evolving physical problems. Results . We first present test cases where we compare the numerical results obtained with LeHaMoC against exact analytical solutions and numerical results computed with ATHE v A, a well-tested code of similar philosophy but a different numerical implementation. We find a good agreement (within 10–30%) with the numerical results obtained with ATHE v A without evidence of systematic differences. We then demonstrate the capabilities of the code through illustrative examples. First, we fit the spectral energy distribution from a jetted AGN in the context of a synchrotron-self Compton model and a proton-synchrotron model using Bayesian inference. Second, we compute the high-energy neutrino signal and the electromagnetic cascade induced by hadronic interactions in the corona of NGC 1068. Conclusions . LeHaMoC is easily customized to model a variety of high-energy astrophysical sources and has the potential to become a widely utilized tool in multi-messenger astrophysics.