Unravelling the effects of climate change on the soil-plant-atmosphere interactions: A critical review
Maria Nahin Oishy, Nigar Ahmmad Shemonty, Sadia Islam Fatema, Sadika Mahbub, Ebadunnahar Lukhna Mim, Maimuna Binte Hasan Raisa, Amit Hasan Anik
Abstract
The soil-plant-atmosphere nexus is vital in terrestrial ecosystems , featuring complex feedback loops that link soil, plant, and atmospheric processes . This review analyzes the significant impacts of climate change on the soil-plant-atmosphere nexus, focusing on soil degradation , plant physiological responses , and atmospheric alterations. This comprehensive review aims to integrate current research, evaluate interdependent feedback mechanisms, and highlight the gaps in understanding the system's resilience under climatic stressors. A systematic literature analysis was done by focusing on 1) soil-plant-atmosphere nexus, 2) climate change impacts on soil dynamics, 3) climate stressors and plant responses, and 4) soil-plant-atmosphere feedback mechanisms, with specific criteria for data on extreme weather events, changed nutrient cycles , and CO 2 -related alterations and temperature-related changes. Key findings reveal that climate-induced disruptions such as altered precipitation, increased temperatures, and extreme weather events weaken soil structure , damage nutrient cycling, and modify plant growth, thereby threatening agricultural productivity and ecosystem stability. Elevated CO 2 enhances photosynthesis but is counterbalanced by nutrient limitations and phenological mismatches affecting biodiversity. Feedback loops, such as those driven by decreased carbon sequestration and increased greenhouse gas emissions , amplify these effects. The review emphasizes the urgency of integrated mitigation and adaptation strategies, including the adoption of climate-resilient agricultural practices, urban green infrastructure , and renewable energy technologies .