A Multi-Time Scale Optimal Dispatch Strategy for Green Ammonia Production Using Wind–Solar Hydrogen Under Renewable Energy Fluctuations
Yong Zheng, S. Zhu, Dexue Yang, Jianpeng Li, Fengwei Rong, Xu Ji, Ge He
Abstract
This paper develops an optimal dispatch model for an integrated wind–solar hydrogen-to-ammonia system to address the mismatch between renewable-energy fluctuations and chemical production loads. The model incorporates renewable variability, electrolyzer dynamics, hydrogen-storage regulation, and ammonia-synthesis load constraints, and is solved using a multi-time-scale MILP framework. An efficiency-priority power allocation strategy is further introduced to account for performance differences among electrolyzers. Using real wind–solar output data, a 72-h case study compares three operational schemes: the Balanced Scheme, the Steady-State Scheme, and the Following Scheme. The proposed Balanced Scheme reduces renewable curtailment to 2.4%, lowers ammonia load fluctuations relative to the Following Scheme, and decreases electricity consumption per ton of ammonia by 19.4% compared with the Steady-State Scheme. These results demonstrate that the integrated dispatch model and electrolyzer-cluster control strategy enhance system flexibility, energy efficiency, and overall economic performance in renewable-powered ammonia production.