Integrated biochar research: A roadmap
James E. Amonette, Humberto Blanco‐Canqui, Chuck Hassebrook, David A. Laird, Rattan Lal, Johannes Lehmann, Deborah S. Page‐Dumroese
Abstract
A scientific consensus is building that the drawdown of very large amounts (at least 1,000 Gt [1.1 × 10<sup>12</sup> tn]) of carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) from the atmosphere will be needed to stabilize the earth’s climate system at a safe temperature (Hansen et al. 2008; Cao and Caldeira 2010; IPCC 2018, 2019). The minimum estimated cost of this drawdown is tens of trillions of dollars over the course of a century and ultimately will depend on the total amount of fossil carbon (C) emitted by humankind (emissions must be reduced as quickly as possible to make any drawdown effective). The cost of drawdown, while high, is a bargain when compared to the cost of unabated climate change.