Carbon dioxide utilization: CO2-based polyurethane foam

Abstract

CO 2 , a promising C1 resource, can be permanently fixed in polymers, making it abundant and non-toxic. The development of CO 2 -based polymers, such as rubbers and plastics, for mainstream industrial applications, could significantly reduce CO 2 concentration in the atmosphere and decrease the reliance on fossil resources. Notably, polyether carbonate polyols (PECP) and polycarbonate polyols (PCP) are key CO 2 -based polyols that can be produced by the reaction of CO 2 with epoxides in the presence of a catalyst. These polyols are instrumental in creating carbon-neutral polyurethane foam (PUF). This innovative synthesis method offers numerous advantages over the conventional polycondensation of diisocyanate and polyols method. The use of CO 2 -based polyols for PUF production is a prime example of CO 2 utilization with substantial industrial potential. This review delves into recent advancements in preparing PUF using both isocyanate and non-isocyanate methods with CO 2 -based polyols, and cyclic carbonates, respectively. PUF, a vital member of the polymer family, boasts a wide range of applications, presenting a significant opportunity to integrate CO 2 into existing processes and products, thereby contributing to environmental sustainability. • This review highlighted the integration of CO 2 -based polyols in PUF production as a pathway to reduce carbon emissions and enhance eco-friendly practices. Emphasized the environmental benefits of utilizing CO 2 , aiding in carbon neutrality, and advancing the circular economy. • The reduction of reliance on toxic isocyanates and fossil-based polyols needs to be focused. Proposed alternative synthesis routes that minimize health risks and environmental impact. • The integration of CO 2 -based polyols into PUF production offers a promising solution to reduce the carbon footprint, align with global greenhouse gas reduction goals, and meet market demand for eco-friendly materials. • New chemical recycling methods, such as depolymerization and acidolysis, offer solutions to polyurethane waste, contributing to a sustainable and circular materials economy. • Conducting comprehensive lifecycle analyses (LCAs) and establishing industry collaboration for data sharing can provide more accurate insights into the environmental impacts of CO 2 -based PUF production, informing regulatory and policy decisions.

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