Statistical analysis and water quality index development using GIS of Mathura City, Uttar Pradesh, India
Salman Ahmed, Shadab Khurshid, Wajahat Sultan, Mohd Bilal Shadab
Abstract
ABSTRACT Water quality index is the most effective tool used to portray the quality of a water reservoir to be used in versatile areas by human beings in one way or the other. The same can be represented through mathematical equations by converting various water quality parameters into a single number. Geographic information system (GIS) technique is an emerging tool where one can easily map the sampling areas and classify the domains in terms of spatial distribution parameters accordingly. A total number of 45 samples were collected from hand pumps and the bank of Yamuna river during the post-monsoon season in December 2016. The order of major dominance of cations in groundwater is Na > Mg > Ca > K and the anions is Cl > HCO 3 > SO 4 > NO 3 > F. In the present study, an attempt has been made to determine the WQI distribution by using GIS technique in Mathura city located in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. To determine the cation and anion interactions in water samples of the study area, the Pearson correlation coefficient matrix has also been assessed. The obtained results indicate a strong correlation between TH and Cl with an r-value of 0. 949 at a significance level (p) of 0.0. However, the chloride ion exhibited a better relationship with TDS, Mg and Na with an r-value of 0.815, 0.922 and 0.769, respectively, and with a significance level (p) of 0.0. The iso-concentration distribution with the help of the inverse distance weight (IDW) method obtained from the results of various water quality index values of different locations has also been calculated. The lowest value of WQI which is 86 has been assessed in the sample from Sall location of the study area indicating the good water quality at the site. The highest value of 1,588 has been observed in the samples from the location Garhi Pisurti showing that the water quality is unsuitable for drinking purpose at the study area. It can be inferred that the water quality of North-West and North-East part of the study area is highly deteriorated and is not suitable for drinking purpose. The present study will help portray the water quality of the study area in terms of bathing, drinking and other commercial purposes as the study area are a sacred place for Hindu devotees. The obtained results will help improve the water quality of the study area by using some suitable techniques.