Significance of Brownian diffusion and thermophoresis in energy and mass optimization for Newtonian and Non-Newtonian fluid flow: A numerical study via Keller-Box method
Khursheed Muhammad, Mahnoor Sarfraz, Haifaa F. Alrihieli, Ibrahim E. Elseesy
Abstract
This article presents a comparative study of the Jeffrey fluid and Newtonian fluid flow over an electrically conducting sheet undergoing thermo-diffusion and Brownian diffusion. Temperature gradients and random motion of particles drive thermo-diffusion and Brownian diffusion. At the same time, the flow is induced by the Hall effect and thermal radiation . The sheet stretches along the x -axis and remains stationary along the y -axis. The research employs the modified Fourier law , known as the Cattaneo-Christov heat flux, to model thermal and solutal distribution. Numerical solutions are obtained using the Keller-Box method in MATLAB. After modeling the physical problem, suitable transformations are implemented to obtain non-linear boundary value problem in term of ODEs. These non-linear ODEs with BCs are tackled by the Keller-Box method (an implicit finite difference scheme) for solution. The Keller-Box method is faster, efficient and more flexible for non-linear problems. This method has second order accuracy and unconditional stability. The study comprehensively examines the resulting flow, thermal, and mass characteristics. It is seen that higher thermal and solutal relaxation time parameters moderate heat and mass transfer, resulting in lower temperature and concentration. These results reflected the viscoelastic nature of Jeffrey fluid and its distinct response to magnetic influences. The findings provide valuable insight into the effects of non-Newtonian and Newtonian fluid properties with potential applications in engineering and industrial processes. This study contributes original insights by integrating the Cattaneo-Christov heat flux and Buongiorno's model. The emphasis is on the comparative analysis of non-Newtonian and Newtonian fluid with control parameters on physical quantities provides a novelty.