Chemical Vapor Transport Synthesis of Fibrous Red Phosphorus Crystal as Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Lei Liu, Xing Gao, Xuemei Cui, Xuemei Cui, Bofeng Wang, Fangzheng Hu, Tianheng Yuan, Jianhua Li, Lei Zu, Huiqin Lian, Xiuguo Cui, Xiuguo Cui
Abstract
Red phosphorus (RP) is considered to be the most promising anode material for lithium-Ion batteries (LIBs) due to its high theoretical specific capacity and suitable voltage platform. However, its poor electrical conductivity (10−12 S/m) and the large volume changes that accompany the cycling process severely limit its practical application. Herein, we have prepared fibrous red phosphorus (FP) that possesses better electrical conductivity (10−4 S/m) and a special structure by chemical vapor transport (CVT) to improve electrochemical performance as an anode material for LIBs. Compounding it with graphite (C) by a simple ball milling method, the composite material (FP-C) shows a high reversible specific capacity of 1621 mAh/g, excellent high-rate performance and long cycle life with a capacity of 742.4 mAh/g after 700 cycles at a high current density of 2 A/g, and coulombic efficiencies reaching almost 100% for each cycle.