Cast iron drinking water pipe biofilms support diverse microbial communities containing antibiotic resistance genes, metal resistance genes, and class 1 integrons
Lee K. Kimbell, Emily Lou LaMartina, Anthony D. Kappell, Jingwan Huo, Yin Wang, Ryan J. Newton, Patrick J. McNamara
Abstract
Droplet digital PCR revealed antibiotic resistance genes, metal resistance genes, and <italic>intI</italic>1 across all pipe biofilm sample types (biomass surfaces, pipe surfaces, corrosion tubercles, and under corrosion tubercles).
Topics & Concepts
BiofilmCorrosionGeneAntibiotic resistanceMicrobiologyMetalAntibioticsResistance (ecology)BiologyBacteriaMetallurgyMaterials scienceGeneticsEcologyWater Treatment and DisinfectionPharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental ImpactsBacterial biofilms and quorum sensing