Recent Progress in CO <sub>2</sub> Conversion: An Overview of Catalytic Strategies for Sustainable Fuel and Chemical Synthesis
An Zhang, Yanming Cai, Li Guo, Chao Wang, Qingbo Wa, Yanping Xu, Jian Zhou, Hongshuang Fan, Ziyun Li, Xinyue Long, J. Tang, Zijian Li, Li Zhai, Zhenyu Shi, Wei Zhai, Yuhui Tian, Shuai Bi, Hao Wei, Mingliang Hu, YT Xu, Yiran Zhang, Yong Zhang, Ruiying Ding, Junjun Li, Shuangqun Chen Shuangqun Chen, Jianfeng Huang, Zhanxi Fan, Xingchen Jiao, G. Liu, Haiqing Wang, Haifeng Tian, Jingyu Pang, Kuncheng Zhang, Weisong Liu, Huijuan Cui, Lingling Zhang, Xiaofu Sun, Jianling Zhang, Dan Ren, Sheng Zhang, Lu Qiao, Zhe Weng, Hongmei Li, Min Liu, Ma Zhong, Lei Wang, Jun Gu, Hao Bin Wu, Bolong Huang, Weijia Zhou, Chuan Xia, Min-Rui Gao, Changbin Zhang, Rong Cao, Wei Chen, Yuan‐Biao Huang, Yongye Liang, Ya‐Qian Lan, Guoxiong Wang, Baoyu Xia, Yujie Xiong, Xinbin Ma, Tongbu Lu, Jinhua Ye, Yi Xie, Buxing Han, Jiawei Liu, Zhicheng Zhang, Hua Zhang
Abstract
ABSTRACT The conversion of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) into value‐added chemicals and renewable fuels is a promising approach to mitigate climate change and promote the development of sustainable energy systems. However, despite the broad range of products, including CO, formic acid and multi‐carbon hydrocarbons, the large‐scale implementation of CO 2 conversion technologies is still hindered by low catalytic efficiency and high energy consumption. This review introduces recent advances in catalytic materials design, emphasizing the structure–property relationships that govern the performance of highly efficient catalysts across various CO 2 conversion processes, including photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, CO 2 hydrogenation, photothermal conversion, non‐thermal plasma techniques, and biological methodologies. By examining the synergies among catalyst architectures, key intermediates, catalytic mechanisms and reactor designs, this review explores the potential for tailored CO 2 conversion processes with optimized reaction pathways to achieve specific catalytic products, and also provides a roadmap for the development of efficient, scalable CO 2 conversion technologies to facilitate the transition to a circular carbon economy.