Prevalência de Streptococus agalactiae em gestantes do município de Maringá-Paraná: um estudo retrospectivo

Abstract

Streptococcus agalactiae are gram-positive bacteria that may be present in the human microbiota, colonizing mainly the genitourinary and intestinal tracts, without necessarily causing symptoms. The colonization of pregnant women by GBS has wide medical relevance because it is associated with a high risk of vertical transmission and related to serious perinatal complications, both for the pregnant woman and for the fetus. The objective of this research was to evaluate the prevalence of colonization by S. agalactiae in pregnant women who underwent prenatal care through the Unified Health System in Maringá between 2017 and 2020. This is an exploratory, descriptive, retrospective study of the cross-sectional type carried out at the Central Laboratory of Clinical Analysis of the Maringá Health Department with the results from the laboratory tests for the investigation of GBS in pregnant women. In the analyzed period, 1,186 pregnant women were tested and the GBS culture was positive in at least one of the samples (vaginal and/or perianal) in 205 cases, with a variation in the prevalence rate between the years from 13.8% to 24, 4%, totaling, in this time frame, a prevalence of 17.2%. There was also stability in the prevalence rate in all age groups analyzed, with a small increase in prevalence among pregnant women aged 40 years or older. It is concluded that S. agalactiae is prevalent in the city of Maringá-Paraná with similar prevalence rates to other Brazilian cities. Our findings are important for health teams, especially those working in prenatal care, to become aware of this important public health problem.

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