Thermal Degradation Kinetics of Urea–Formaldehyde Resins Modified by Almond Shells
Kexin Chen, Xue Cheng, Yuzhu Chen, Jinqiu Qi, Jiulong Xie, Xingyan Huang, Yongze Jiang, Hui Xiao
Abstract
) values at different conversion rates and the reaction kinetics were estimated based on the Flynn-Wall-Ozawa method. The results indicated that almond shells can significantly reduce the formaldehyde emission and increase wet shear strength and thermal stability of the urea-formaldehyde resin adhesive. The optimal addition of almond shells is 3 wt %.
Topics & Concepts
FormaldehydeUrea-formaldehydeKineticsAdhesiveUreaThermal stabilityDegradation (telecommunications)Activation energyChemistryShear strength (soil)Materials scienceChemical engineeringComposite materialNuclear chemistryPolymer chemistryOrganic chemistryPhysicsSoil waterComputer scienceLayer (electronics)Quantum mechanicsSoil scienceTelecommunicationsEnvironmental scienceEngineeringEpoxy Resin Curing ProcessesThermal and Kinetic AnalysisPolymer composites and self-healing