Label-Free Immunosensor Based on Liquid Crystal and Gold Nanoparticles for Cardiac Troponin I Detection
Eduardo Zapp, Daniela Brondani, Tânia Regina Silva, Edivandro Girotto, Hugo Gallardo, Iolanda Cruz Vieira
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. The development of electrochemical biosensors for CVD markers detection, such as cardiac troponin I (cTnI), becomes an important diagnostic strategy. Thus, a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was modified with columnar liquid crystal (LCcol) and gold nanoparticles stabilized in polyallylamine hydrochloride (AuNPs–PAH), and the surface was employed to evaluate the interaction of the cTnI antibody (anti-cTnI) and cTnI for detection in blood plasma. Morphological and electrochemical investigations were used in the characterization and optimization of the materials used in the construction of the immunosensor. The specific interaction of cTnI with the surface of the immunosensor containing anti-cTnI was monitored indirectly using a redox probe. The formation of the immunocomplex caused the suppression of the analytical signal, which was observed due to the insulating characteristics of the protein. The cTnI–immunosensor interaction showed linear responses from 0.01 to 0.3 ng mL−1 and a low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.005 ng mL−1 for linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and 0.01 ng mL−1 for electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), showing good diagnostic capacity for point-of-care applications.