Exosome-based nanoparticles and cancer immunotherapy
Jiarong Ye, Danni Li, Yiting Jie, Hongliang Luo, Wenjun Zhang, Cheng Qiu
Abstract
Over the past decades, cancer immunotherapy has encountered challenges such as immunogenicity, inefficiency, and cytotoxicity. Consequently, exosome-based cancer immunotherapy has gained rapid traction as a promising alternative. Exosomes, a type of extracellular vesicles (EVs) ranging from 50 to 150 nm, are self-originating and exhibit fewer side effects compared to traditional therapies. Exosome-based immunotherapy encompasses three significant areas: cancer vaccination, co-inhibitory checkpoints, and adoptive T-cell therapy. Each of these fields leverages the inherent advantages of exosomes, demonstrating substantial potential for individualized tumor therapy and precision medicine. This review aims to elucidate the reasons behind the promise of exosome-based nanoparticles as cancer therapies by examining their characteristics and summarizing the latest research advancements in cancer immunotherapy. • Exosomes: This review delineates the intricate structure, biogenesis, and multifaceted functions of exosomes, highlighting their pivotal role in cellular communication. • Nanoparticles and Exosomes: Discusses the integration of engineered nanoparticles with naturally occurring exosomes, emphasizing their combined potential in redefining therapeutic delivery systems. • Exosome-Based Nanoparticles in Cancer Immunotherapy: Summarizes recent advancements and pivotal studies that employ exosome-based nanoparticles, showcasing their efficacy and potential in cancer immunotherapy.