Microbial Architects of Malignancy: Exploring the Gut Microbiome’s Influence in Cancer Initiation and Progression
Md. Fakruddin, Md. Asaduzzaman Shishir, Israk Iram Oyshe, Tasbir Amin, Amana Hossain, Israt Jahan Sarna, Nusrat Jerin, Dipak Kumar Mitra
Abstract
The gut microbiome, a complex community of microorganisms residing in the gastrointestinal tract, has emerged as a critical player in cancer initiation and progression. This review provides an overview of the intricate interactions between the gut microbiome and cancer, exploring the underlying mechanisms and potential therapeutic implications. The gut microbiome exerts profound effects on the immune system, modulating immune responses, and chronic inflammation, which are pivotal in cancer development. In addition, it influences metabolism by altering nutrient metabolism and producing metabolites that can directly impact cellular processes related to cancer progression. Furthermore, certain gut bacteria can induce DNA damage or modify DNA repair mechanisms, contributing to the initiation and promotion of cancer. Moreover, the gut microbiome can significantly influence the effectiveness and toxicity of anticancer therapies, potentially affecting treatment outcomes. Understanding these complex interactions holds promise for the development of strategies that target the gut microbiome to prevent and treat cancer more effectively. This review emphasizes the clinical relevance of the gut microbiome in cancer, including the identification of microbial biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Furthermore, it discusses potential challenges and future directions for research in this rapidly evolving field. Overall, unraveling the role of the gut microbiome in cancer initiation and progression provides valuable insights for advancing personalized cancer treatment and improving patient outcomes.