Evaluation of the biochemical effects of an acetamiprid‐based insecticide on a non‐target species, <i>Gambusia holbrooki</i>
Özlem Demirci, Abbas Güngördü
Abstract
Abstract The toxic effects of an acetamiprid‐based insecticide (ABI) on Gambusia holbrooki were evaluated after 24 and 96‐h exposure periods. The 24 and 96‐h median lethal concentration (LC 50 ) values of ABI were determined as 75.9 and 42.2 mg/L active ingredient (AI)/L, respectively. In addition, the activity of five biochemical marker enzymes, including glutathione S‐transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), carboxylesterase (CaE), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) was measured after 24 and 96‐h exposure to three different concentrations of the ABI to evaluate its sublethal effects. The acetamiprid concentrations in the exposure media were measured using liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry. Our results showed that GST and LDH activities were increased and there were concentration‐dependent changes in the integrated biomarker response (IBR) indexes after 24‐h ABI exposure. However, the examined biomarkers were not useful for examining the effects of the ABI exposure for 96‐h exposure periods, even at the highest concentration.