Marine-derived products as functional feed additives in aquaculture: A review
Hien Van Doan, P. Shakti Prakash, Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar, Einar Ringø, Ehab El‐Haroun, Caterina Faggio, Rolf Erik Olsen, Hung Quang Tran, Vlastimil Stejskal, Hany M.R. Abdel‐Latif, Mahmoud A.O. Dawood
Abstract
The aquaculture industry is expanding to meet the daily requirements of humanity from high-quality seafood. In this regard, intensive aquaculture systems are suggested, resulting in high production but being challenged with immunosuppression and disease invaders. Antibiotics were used for a long time to protect and treat aquatic animals; however, continuous use led to severe food safety issues, reducing the natural immunity response and high resistance to harmful bacterial strains. Therefore, natural functional additives were introduced to reduce or even replace chemotherapies. More specifically, marine-derived substances showed effective immunostimulant and antioxidative roles when introduced to aquatic animals. Bioactive molecules derived from algae, crustaceans, and fish, including astaxanthin, carotenoids, chitosan, fucoidan, lectins, and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), are the most applied additives in aquaculture. In addition, marine-derived biomolecules were introduced to several other sectors, such as nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and agriculture. Marine-derived substances are lipid-soluble biomolecules known for their ability to cross the cellular membranes, thereby causing pigmentation roles. Consequently, marine-derived biomolecules are involved in antioxidative and immune activation effects and, thereby, high performances and productivity of aquatic animals. In the literature, there are available knowledge about the possibility of using marine-derived biomolecules in aquaculture. This article presents information about the sources, mode of action, and effects of marine-derived biomolecules on aquatic animals to fortify the scientific community with enough details about friendly natural substances for sustainable aquaculture. • An innovative alternative for antibiotics are bioactive derived substances from fish, crustaceans, and algae with high antioxidative and immunostimulant potential. • Marine-derived substances also have pigmentation properties, making them suitable for the aquaculture industry. • Some marine products contain highly insoluble dietary fiber or non-digestible polysaccharides that serve as a rich source of prebiotics. • Biologically active compounds, including polysaccharides, polyunsaturated fatty acids, yeasts, and carotenoids are derived from marine sources.