Designing HDAC-PROTACs: Lessons Learned So Far
Fabian Fischer, Leandro A. Alves Avelar, Laoise Murray, Thomas Kurz
Abstract
Proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) are a powerful tool to hijack the endogenous ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and to degrade the intracellular proteins of therapeutic importance. Recently, two heterobifunctional degraders targeting hormone receptors headed into phase II clinical trials. Compared to traditional drug design and common modes of action, the PROTAC approach offers new opportunities for the drug research field. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) are well-established drugs for the treatment of hematological malignancies. The integration of HDAC binding motifs in PROTACs explores the possibility of targeted, chemical HDAC degradation. This review provides an overview and a perspective about the key steps in the structure development of HDAC-PROTACs. In particular, the influence of the three canonical PROTAC elements on HDAC-PROTAC efficacy and selectivity are discussed, the HDACi, the linker and the E3 ligase ligand.