One Step Closer to an Ideal Insensitive Energetic Molecule: 3,5-Diamino-6-hydroxy-2-oxide-4-nitropyrimidone and its Derivatives
Jichuan Zhang, Jichuan Zhang, Yongan Feng, Yiyang Bo, Richard J. Staples, Jiaheng Zhang, Jiaheng Zhang, Jean’ne M. Shreeve
Abstract
Reaching the goal of developing an insensitive high-energy molecule (IHEM) is a major challenge. In this study, 3,5-diamino-6-hydroxy-2-oxide-4-nitropyrimidone (IHEM-1) was synthesized in one step from 2,4,6-triamino-5-nitropyrimidine-1,3-dioxide hydrate (ICM-102 hydrate). The density of compound IHEM-1 is 1.95 g cm–3 with a decomposition temperature of 271 °C. Its detonation velocity and pressure are 8660 m s–1 and 33.64 GPa, respectively, which are far superior to the detonation performance of 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB), while its sensitivity is identical with that of TATB. In addition, four derivatives (1a, chloride; 1b, nitrate; 1c, perchlorate; and 1d, dinitramide) were prepared on the basis of the weak base site (N–O group) and show excellent energetic properties. By combining a series of advantages, including simple preparation, high yield, high density, very low solubility in aqueous solution, high thermostability, insensitivity, and excellent detonation performance, IHEM-1 approaches an ideal insensitive high-energy molecule. Compounds 1b–1d are also competitive as new high-energy-density materials.