Ammonia as an alternative fuel to internal combustion engines
Zbigniew Stępień
Abstract
The article presents a broad review of the current state of knowledge in the potential of using ammo-nia as a fuel for internal combustion engines. A critical analysis of the physicochemical and functional properties of ammonia was carried out in the context of using it as a fuel for internal combustion en-gines. Challenges related to the problems of creating a mixture and the combustion process of ammonia in both SI and CI engines were described. It was indicated that using an admixture of small amounts of fuels to ammonia to act as combustion promoters was necessary. Attention was drawn to the problems related to the exhaust emissions that occur when using ammonia or ammonia with an admixture of other fuels to power engines. The issue of the adverse effect of ammonia combustion products and ammonia itself on the lubricating engine oil was also discussed. The need to develop dedicated lubricating oils for internal combustion engines fueled with ammonia was explained..