Speeding at the Edge: An Efficient and Secure Redactable Blockchain for IoT-Based Smart Grid Systems
Youshui Lu, Xiaojun Tang, Lei Liu, F. Richard Yu, Schahram Dustdar
Abstract
As a promising approach to extending cloud resources and services, blockchain-enabled Internet of Things (IoT)-based smart grid edge computing has attracted much attention. However, the edge node’s resource-constraint nature makes it difficult to store the entire chain as the sensing IoT data volume increases. To address this issue, we propose an FS scheme, a fast and secure multithreshold trapdoor Chameleon hash scheme which serves as the basis for block substitution at the edge nodes to solve the storage limitation problem. The FS scheme is used to achieve a consensus-based block substitution, which allows <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$t$ </tex-math></inline-formula> -out-of- <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n$ </tex-math></inline-formula> edge nodes to compute a hash collision collaboratively to reliably substitute a historical block without leaking the randomness <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$R$ </tex-math></inline-formula> . Also, inspired by the rationale of fast polynomial interpolation, we optimize the FS scheme to FS-I to reduce the time complexity from <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathcal {O}(nt)$ </tex-math></inline-formula> to <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathcal {O}(t{\mathrm{ log}}^{2}t)$ </tex-math></inline-formula> . In addition, we further optimize FS-I to FS-II by using a fast Fourier transform (FFT) to dramatically improve the computational efficiency of Lagrange interpolation, which leads to a significant improvement in terms of block substitution performance. Finally, We provide security analysis and evaluate the performance through comprehensive experiments and the results show that FS can achieve up to several magnitudes better than DTTCH. The results also demonstrate that the FS scheme can provide high service quality for large-scale IoT-based smart grid systems.