Around-the-knee osteotomies part II: Surgical indications, techniques and outcomes – State of the art
Ariana Lott, Michael James, Janina Kaarre, Svenja Höger, Mahmut Enes Kayaalp, Matthieu Ollivier, Al Getgood, Jonathan D. Hughes, Volker Musahl
Abstract
Recent advances in surgical techniques and planning for knee-based osteotomies have led to improvements in addressing lower extremity malalignment. Part 1 of this review presented the biomechanical and clinical rationale of osteotomies, emphasizing the importance of osteotomies for restoring normal knee kinematics. In Part 2 of this review, indications, surgical technique and outcomes of osteotomies to correct coronal, sagittal and axial plane deformities will be examined. Traditional high tibial and distal femoral osteotomies will be discussed in addition to more recent advanced techniques including biplanar corrections and double-level osteotomies, as well as slope-correcting osteotomies. Patient-specific instrumentation and its use in more complex corrections will also be addressed.