Interactions between S100A9 and Alpha-Synuclein: Insight from NMR Spectroscopy
Zigmantas Toleikis, Raitis Bobrovs, Agnė Janonienė, Alons Lends, Mantas Žiaunys, Ieva Baronaite, Vytautas Petrauskas, Kristīne Kitoka, Vytautas Smirnovas, Kristaps Jaudzems
Abstract
S100A9 is a pro-inflammatory protein that co-aggregates with other proteins in amyloid fibril plaques. S100A9 can influence the aggregation kinetics and amyloid fibril structure of alpha-synuclein (α-syn), which is involved in Parkinson’s disease. Currently, there are limited data regarding their cross-interaction and how it influences the aggregation process. In this work, we analyzed this interaction using solution 19F and 2D 15N–1H HSQC NMR spectroscopy and studied the aggregation properties of these two proteins. Here, we show that α-syn interacts with S100A9 at specific regions, which are also essential in the first step of aggregation. We also demonstrate that the 4-fluorophenylalanine label in alpha-synuclein is a sensitive probe to study interaction and aggregation using 19F NMR spectroscopy.