Human and mouse proteomics reveals the shared pathways in Alzheimer’s disease and delayed protein turnover in the amyloidome
Jay M. Yarbro, Xian Han, Abhijit Dasgupta, Ka Yang, Danting Liu, Him K. Shrestha, Masihuz Zaman, Zhen Wang, Kaiwen Yu, Dong Geun Lee, David Vanderwall, Mingming Niu, Huan Sun, Boer Xie, Ping-Chung Chen, Yun Jiao, Xue Zhang, Zhiping Wu, Surendhar Reddy Chepyala, Yingxue Fu, Yuxin Li, Zuo‐Fei Yuan, Xusheng Wang, Suresh Poudel, Barbora Vagnerova, Qianying He, Andrew Tang, Patrick T. Ronaldson, Rui Chang, Gang Yu, Yansheng Liu, Junmin Peng
Abstract
Murine models of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are crucial for elucidating disease mechanisms but have limitations in fully representing AD molecular complexities. Here we present the comprehensive, age-dependent brain proteome and phosphoproteome across multiple mouse models of amyloidosis. We identified shared pathways by integrating with human metadata and prioritized components by multi-omics analysis. Collectively, two commonly used models (5xFAD and APP-KI) replicate 30% of the human protein alterations; additional genetic incorporation of tau and splicing pathologies increases this similarity to 42%. We dissected the proteome-transcriptome inconsistency in AD and 5xFAD mouse brains, revealing that inconsistent proteins are enriched within amyloid plaque microenvironment (amyloidome). Our analysis of the 5xFAD proteome turnover demonstrates that amyloid formation delays the degradation of amyloidome components, including Aβ-binding proteins and autophagy/lysosomal proteins. Our proteomic strategy defines shared AD pathways, identifies potential targets, and underscores that protein turnover contributes to proteome-transcriptome discrepancies during AD progression. This study maps proteomic changes in Alzheimer’s mouse models, identifying shared pathways with humans, amyloid-driven protein turnover, and proteome-transcriptome differences, offering insights into disease mechanisms and potential targets.