Sleep/wake changes in perturbational complexity in rats and mice
Matías Cavelli, Rong Mao, Graham Findlay, Kort Driessen, Tom Bugnon, Giulio Tononi, Chiara Cirelli
Abstract
In humans, the level of consciousness is assessed by quantifying the spatiotemporal complexity of cortical responses using Perturbational Complexity Index (PCI) and related PCI st (st, state transitions). Here we validate PCI st in freely moving rats and mice by showing that it is lower in NREM sleep and slow wave anesthesia than in wake or REM sleep, as in humans. We then show that (1) low PCI st is associated with the occurrence of an OFF period of neuronal silence; (2) stimulation of deep, but not superficial, cortical layers leads to reliable PCI st changes across sleep/wake and anesthesia; (3) consistent PCI st changes are independent of which single area is being stimulated or recorded, except for recordings in mouse prefrontal cortex. These experiments show that PCI st can reliably measure vigilance states in unresponsive animals and support the hypothesis that it is low when an OFF period disrupts causal interactions in cortical networks.