A review on modulation of gut microbiome interaction for the management of shrimp aquaculture and proposal of the introduction of deep learning-based approach for shrimp disease detection

Abstract

Microbial communities inhabiting the gut of host species have been recognized as a significant factor influencing the success of aquaculture as they directly/indirectly control the overall physiology and biochemistry of the host. In terms of shrimp aquaculture, gut microbiome changes (i.e., periodic succession) during development phases and interacts with the host (i.e., shrimp), contributing to several physiological processes such as digestion, absorption of nutrients, intestinal homeostasis, inhibition of pathogens and more importantly immunity. Therefore, periodically analyzing gut microbiome can be considered an attractive proposal for shrimp aquaculture, especially shrimp health management. Any change in the normal microbial flora in the gut system of the host is termed “dysbiosis.” As for health management, utilizing probiotics paves the way for the restoration of a normal microbial community, which is termed “eubiosis.” However, screening, designing, and applying probiotics requires prior knowledge of the host microbiome. A proper understanding of the driving factors determining the selection and colonization of specific microbes in the gut is also essential. In this review, we have compiled the gut microbiome data of Penaeus monodon , which was reported from different geographical locations. Besides, we have integrated data on the sediment and rearing water microbiome of shrimp culture ponds reported from previous studies. In doing so, we have constructed the networking between gut, sediment, and water microbiota to determine the eubiosis or dysbiosis state-of-art for shrimp health. In addition, we propose an Artificial Intelligence Deep Learning (AI-DL) based approach for the identification of shrimp health status based on external anatomy features such as detection of disease symptoms and to take preventive measures by modulating gut microbiome to achieve sustainable shrimp production. Graphical abstract • Monitoring gut microbes is essential for eco-friendly shrimp farming. • Manipulating microbiota to support shrimp health is an effective strategy. • An Artificial Intelligence Deep learning-based approach could be used for shrimp disease diagnosis.

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