Successful endoscopic treatment of a large impacted gallstone in the duodenum using laser lithotripsy, Bouveret’s syndrome: A case report
Sofie Hendriks, Mareille Maria Verseveld, Egbert R. Boevé, Robert Roomer
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Bouveret´s syndrome is defined as a gastric outlet obstruction after passage of a gallstone through a fistula into the duodenum. Due to its rarity, the diagnosis of Bouveret's syndrome is often delayed and causes a high morbidity and mortality rate. CASE SUMMARY: A 93-year-old female presented with worsening pain in the right upper abdomen and vomiting. A gastroscopy revealed fluid retention caused by a massive obstructive stone in the bulbus. Endoscopic laser lithotripsy of the impacted stone was planned after multidisciplinary consultation. A Dornier Medilas H Solvo lithotripsy 350 µm laser fiber (10 Hz, 2 Joules) was used to disintegrate the stone into smaller pieces. The patient recovered completely. CONCLUSION: A mechanical obstruction due to a gallstone that has entered the gastrointestinal tract is a complication that appears in 0.3%-0.5% of patients who have cholelithiasis. Stones larger than 2 cm can become impacted in the digestive tract, which occurs mostly in the terminal ileum. In approximately 1%-3% of cases, the stones cause obstruction in the duodenum. This phenomenon is called Bouveret's syndrome. As this condition is mostly observed in elderly individuals with multiple comorbidities, treatment by an open surgical approach is unsuitable. Endoscopic removal is the preferred technique. The benefit of using laser lithotripsy is the precise targeting of energy onto the stone with minimal tissue injury. Endoscopic laser lithotripsy is a safe and feasible treatment option for Bouveret's syndrome.