Room-Temperature and Humidity-Resistant Trace Nitrogen Dioxide Sensing of Few-Layer Black Phosphorus Nanosheet by Incorporating Zinc Oxide Nanowire
Yanjie Wang, Yong Zhou, Hao Ren, Yuhang Wang, Xiangyi Zhu, Yongcai Guo, Xian Li
Abstract
Surmounting the issues of high-sensitivity and room-temperature detection toward trace NO2 gas is of paramount importance in the fields of human health and ultralow emission. Recently, black phosphorus (BP), a novel two-dimensional material, has gained considerable interest to achieve this goal. However, related work is far from satisfactory due to sluggish response, insufficient recovery, and fragile stability. In this scenario, we report on an inspiring NO2 sensor featuring composite film of few-layer BP nanosheets and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires serving as the sensing layer. Compared with BP-only counterpart, BP-ZnO sensor exhibited enhanced performance including boosted response (74% vs. 37.7% toward 50 ppb, which was among the best performances of BP involved NO2 sensors), accelerated response speed, better long-term stability, and strengthened humidity-repelling properties. In addition, excellent selectivity toward trace NO2 gas was revealed. These improvements could be ascribed into porous film, abundant sorption sites, numerous p-n heterojunctions, and passivation effect of ZnO nanowires on BP nanosheets. Furthermore, the proposed basic-solution assisted BP exfoliation favored film deposition, and enabled versatile composition design involving BP nanosheets in the future. In brief, the as-prepared BP-ZnO NO2 sensors paved the avenue for further BP applications and enriched its underlying transduction mechanism in gas sensing.