B cells: roles in physiology and pathology of pregnancy
Jinchuan Liu, Qunxiong Zeng, Yong‐Gang Duan, William Yeung, Raymond Li, Ernest Hung Yu Ng, Ka Wang Cheung, Qingqing Zhang, Philip C.N. Chiu
Abstract
B cells constitute a diverse and adaptable immune cell population with functions that can vary according to the environment and circumstances. The involvement of B cells in pregnancy, as well as the associated molecular pathways, has yet to be investigated. This review consolidates current knowledge on B cell activities and regulation during pregnancy, with a particular focus on the roles of various B cell subsets and the effects of B cell-derived factors on pregnancy outcomes. Moreover, the review examines the significance of B cell-associated autoantibodies, cytokines, and signaling pathways in relation to pregnancy complications such as pregnancy loss, preeclampsia, and preterm birth.