Characterization of Multidrug-Resistant Biofilm-Producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> in Healthy Cattle and Cattle with Diarrhea
Samiran Bandyopadhyay, Debaraj Bhattacharyya, Indranil Samanta, Jaydeep Banerjee, Md Habib, Tapan Kumar Dutta, Triveni Dutt
Abstract
This study describes comparative occurrence and characterization of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) in healthy cattle (HC) and cattle with diarrhea (DC) in India. During 2018–2020, 72 MDR isolates, including 35 E. coli (DC: 27; HC 8) and 37 K. pneumoniae (DC: 34; HC: 3), from 251 rectal swabs (DC: 219; HC: 32) were investigated for extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL), AmpC type β-lactamase and carbapenemase production, antimicrobial susceptibility profile, biofilm production, and efflux pump activity. Fifty-five MDR isolates were ESBL producers (ESBLPs) (DC: 50; HC: 5) and ESBLPs from DC were coresistant to multiple antibiotics. The bla CTX-M gene (50) was the most frequently detected β-lactamases followed by bla AmpC (22), bla TEM1 (13), bla CMY-6 (6), bla OXA1 (5), bla PER (2), bla DHA, and bla FOX and bla SHV12 (1 each). Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants qnrB , qnrS , qnrA , and qepA were detected in 18, 16, 2, and 3 isolates, respectively. Twenty three isolates revealed mutation in gyrA and parC genes. Tetracycline-resistance markers tetA , tetB , tetC , and tetE were detected in 33, 10, 3, and 2 isolates, respectively. Only one of the 41 imipenem-resistant isolates harbored bla NDM-5 and two were colistin-resistant. Altogether, 20 MDR isolates were strong biofilm producers and 19 harbored different virulence factors. This is the first ever report from India on the presence of MDR Enterobacteriaceae with resistance to even last-resort antimicrobials in the bovine diarrhea.