Bastardizing Peacekeeping and the Birth of Hybrid Warfare
Frederick M. Burkle, Krzysztof Goniewicz, Amir Khorram‐Manesh
Abstract
United Nations (UN) Peacekeeping is the largest and most visible representation of the UN. It represents a collective investment in global peace, security, and stability. Peacekeepers protect civilians, actively prevent conflict, reduce violence, strengthen security, and empower national authorities to assume these responsibilities. Peacekeepers are not an enforcement tool but are highly regarded as an effective instrument for preventing resumption of civil war. 1 Over 90,000 personnel from 125 countries contribute troops, police, and civilian personnel. Whereas the United States (US) is the largest financial contributor to UN peace keeping programs, they rank number 82 out of over 120, with 31 peacekeepers (0.00000009 per capita) assigned to the UN. Russia ranks 64 th with 72 deployed peacekeepers (0.00000049 per capita), whereas Ukraine ranks 44 th with 307 peacekeepers (0.00000743 per capita). In 2007, the UN developed the Integrated Training Service (ITS) as the responsible center for peacekeeping training that focuses on skills of non-violent conflict management to prevent or defuse potentially violent situations during their missions.