Flow of hybrid nanofluids between two permeable corrugated curved walls using Yamada–Ota and Xue models with variable viscosity
M. Mujahid, Zaheer Abbas, Muhammad Yousuf Rafiq
Abstract
This article investigates the pressure-driven flow of a magnetized hybrid nanofluid confined between two curved corrugated walls in the presence of slip constraints. The base fluid, water, is augmented with single-walled and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs and MWCNTs) to enhance thermal conductivity, evaluated using the Xue and Yamada–Ota models. The channel geometry is mathematically modeled in an orthogonal curvilinear coordinate system, with sinusoidal functions describing the corrugation grooves and phase differences between the walls. An analytical solution for velocity and temperature profiles is derived using the boundary perturbation method, with the corrugation amplitude as the perturbation parameter. The effects of various physical parameters on the flow fields are thoroughly analyzed and presented using graphs and tables. Additionally, key quantities such as volumetric flow rate, skin friction coefficient, and local Nusselt numbers are numerically computed for different parameter values and comprehensively tabulated. The results reveal a significant reduction in the temperature profile with increasing curvature parameter. Comparisons indicate that the Yamada–Ota model outperforms the Xue model in terms of predictive capability and analytical robustness. Finally, the trapping process is examined in detail through the construction of contour streamlines.