Cu−Zn Alloy Formation as Unfavored State for Efficient Methanol Catalysts
Elias Frei, Abhijeet Gaur, Henning Lichtenberg, Leon Zwiener, Michael Scherzer, Frank Girgsdies, Thomas Lunkenbein, Robert Schlögl
Abstract
Abstract The active sites of Cu/ZnO‐based catalysts, commercially applied for the hydrogenation of CO 2 or CO 2 ‐rich synthesis gas, are still subject of current debates. Generally, the discussion is focused on the nature of the interfacial contact between Cu and ZnO, particularly whether it is rather of oxidic (Cu−ZnO) or alloying (Cu−Zn) character. We report on kinetic investigations on a Cu/ZnO : Al high performance catalyst activated at different temperatures. Incrementally increasing temperature under reductive conditions leads also to increased CuZn‐alloy formation, analyzed by in‐situ X‐ray diffraction, in‐situ X‐ray absorption spectroscopy and high resolution transmission electron microscopy. The combination of the catalytic data and the complementary characterization techniques provide valuable insights on the relevant reaction sites for CH 3 OH formation. Our results highlight the complexity of the interfacial contact with evidence for Cu−ZnO reaction sites and clarify the negative impact of CuZn alloy formation on the nature of the active site.