An Update on the Pathophysiology and Treatment of Cardiorenal Syndrome
Rupesh Raina, Nikhil Nair, Ronith Chakraborty, Lena Nemer, Rahul Dasgupta, Kenneth D. Varian
Abstract
Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) encompasses various disorders of the heart and kidneys; dysfunction of one organ leads to acute or chronic dysfunction of the other. It incorporates the intersection of heart-kidney interactions across several mediums, hemodynamically, through the alterations in neurohormonal markers, and increased venous and renal pressure, all of which are hallmarks of its clinical phenotypes. This article explores the epidemiology, pathology, classification and treatment of each type of CRS.
Topics & Concepts
Cardiorenal syndromeMedicinePathophysiologyCardiologyInternal medicineIntensive care medicineHeart failureHeart Failure Treatment and ManagementCardiovascular Function and Risk FactorsCardiac pacing and defibrillation studies