S100A8/A9 as a prognostic biomarker with causal effects for post-acute myocardial infarction heart failure
Jie Ma, Yang Li, Ping Li, Xinying Yang, Shuolin Zhu, Ke Ma, Fei Gao, Hai Gao, Hui Zhang, Xinliang Ma, Jie Du, Yulin Li, Yulin Li, Yulin Li
Abstract
Heart failure is the prevalent complication of acute myocardial infarction. We aim to identify a biomarker for heart failure post-acute myocardial infarction. This observational study includes 1062 and 1043 patients with acute myocardial infarction in the discovery and validation cohorts, respectively. The outcomes are in-hospital and long-term heart failure events. S100A8/A9 is screened out through proteomic analysis, and elevated circulating S100A8/A9 is independently associated with heart failure in discovery and validation cohorts. Furthermore, the predictive value of S100A8/A9 is superior to the traditional biomarkers, and the addition of S100A8/A9 improves the risk estimation using traditional risk factors. We finally report causal effect of S100A8/A9 on heart failure in three independent cohorts using Mendelian randomization approach. Here, we show that S100A8/A9 is a predictor and potentially causal medicator for heart failure post-acute myocardial infarction.