Recent advances in superconducting nanowire single-photon detector technology for exoplanet transit spectroscopy in the mid-infrared
Emma E. Wollman, Varun B. Verma, Alexander B. Walter, Jeff Chiles, Boris Korzh, Jason P. Allmaras, Yao Zhai, Adriana Lita, Adam N. McCaughan, Ekkehart Schmidt, Simone Frasca, Richard P. Mirin, Sae Woo Nam, Matthew D. Shaw
Abstract
The Origins Space Telescope mission concept includes an exoplanet transit spectrometer that requires detector arrays with ultrahigh pixel-to-pixel stability. Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors, or SNSPDs, have the potential to meet these stringent stability requirements due to their digital-like output. Traditionally used for applications at near-IR telecom wavelengths, SNSPDs have demonstrated near-unity detection efficiencies, ultralow dark-count rates, and high dynamic ranges. Until recently, however, SNSPD operation at the mid-infrared (mid-IR) wavelengths of interest for Origins had not been demonstrated, and SNSPD formats were limited to small arrays and active areas. Recent advances in SNSPD fabrication techniques have pushed SNSPD sensitivity to wavelengths beyond 7 μm and have enabled millimeter-scale active areas and kilopixel arrays. We report here on this progress and the outlook toward developing arrays of ultrastable superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors for mid-IR astronomy applications.