Ultrasensitive detection of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in whole blood using dispersible electrodes
Parisa Moazzam, Munkhshur Myekhlai, Ali Alinezhad, Fida’a A. Alshawawreh, Padmavathy Bakthavathsalam, Vinícius R. Gonçales, Richard D. Tilley, J. Justin Gooding
Abstract
The direct quantification of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) as a biomarker for cancer diagnosis, prognosis and treatment efficacy is an unmet clinical need. Herein, we demonstrate the first report of rapid, ultrasensitive and selective electrochemical detection of PD-L1 directly in undiluted whole blood using modified gold-coated magnetic nanoparticles as "dispersible electrodes" with an ultralow detection limit of 15 attomolar and a response time of only 15 minutes.
Topics & Concepts
ElectrodeLigand (biochemistry)ElectrochemistryWhole bloodChemistryReceptorBiochemistryMedicinePhysical chemistryImmunologyElectrochemical Analysis and ApplicationsAdvanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniquesElectrochemical sensors and biosensors