Energy-momentum Tensor of a Hydrogen Atom: Stability, \(D\)-term, and the Lamb Shift
Andrzej Czarnecki, Yawei Liu, Shahed Reza
Abstract
We clarify two issues related to the so-called D-term in matrix elements of the energy-momentum tensor. First, we show that in a stable system, the D-term can have either sign, contrary to claims that it must be negative. Second, we demonstrate a logarithmic enhancement of the $\alpha$ correction to the D-term in any state of the hydrogen atom. We contrast this enhancement with the Lamb shift where it is present only in S-states.
Topics & Concepts
Term (time)Hydrogen atomTensor (intrinsic definition)Lamb shiftPhysicsHydrogenStability (learning theory)Momentum (technical analysis)Stress–energy tensorQuantum electrodynamicsAtomic physicsQuantum mechanicsMathematicsComputer scienceExact solutions in general relativityGroup (periodic table)GeometryMachine learningElectronFinanceEconomicsQuantum, superfluid, helium dynamicsAtomic and Subatomic Physics ResearchExperimental and Theoretical Physics Studies