A mini-review on liquid air energy storage system hybridization, modelling, and economics: towards carbon neutrality
Ahmed M. Salem, Ahmed M. Khaira
Abstract
, compressed air and pumped hydro), which have geographical constraints, affect the environment, and have a lower energy density than that of LAES. However, the low efficiency, high payback periods, and profit values of LAES hamper its commercialization. LAES is premature to be fully studied because lack of actual operating conditions and results from large plants, which affect the techno-economic predictions, in turn, affecting technology commercialization. Furthermore, the off-design conditions are not fully covered although it is a crucial step in system performance evaluation. To this end, the current mini-review sheds light on the LAES design, history, types, limitations, and the associated techno-economic analysis. In addition, state-of-the-art modelling tools are widely explained with benefits and shortage. Furthermore, LAES integration with other systems is explained widely, as it was found to boost the system performance and increase the profit with lower payback periods.